Deadpan artefacts: creative experiments with facial expression recognition in photographic portraiture

Visual art exhibition review | Brian Rope

Deadpan artefacts: creative experiments with facial expression recognition in photographic portraiture | Melita Dahl

ANU School of Art & Design Gallery, Wed 22 Apr 2026, 10:30 am - Fri 15 May 2026, 3:00 pm

An early graduate of the ANU School of Art & Design, Melita Dahl later undertook postgraduate study at the Academy of Media Arts in Cologne, Germany. Her work is held in major public collections, including the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra Museum and Gallery and the Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts, and has been exhibited widely in Australia and abroad. This exhibition is presented as part of a Higher Degree by Research examination.

In the room sheet, Dahl tells us that “Over the past three decades, photography has evolved from its traditional role as an indexical imprint of the world into a fluid, computational space shaped by digital transformation.”

It is within that context that Melita Dahl has used the photographic portrait as a framework for research exploring “datafication of pose and expression through creative experiments engaging with Facial Expression Recognition (FER) technologies.” A key focus has been the neutral category in FER, which closely aligns with the so-called deadpan expression.

Dahl’s practice has long engaged the portrait as an experimental site where cultural and technological forces intersect with the history of photographic practice. While discussing her 2021 Portrait exhibition at Photo Access, I referred to how we try to interpret facial expressions. And how looking into a person’s eyes can supposedly tell us what that person thinks and feels. In essence, that is what this exploration is all about.

Deadpan portrait photography has frequently been presented as an "objective" form of documentation that gives no clues about what the subject might be thinking. Focusing on the neutral face - found to be measurable through facial expression recognition technologies - Dahl traces a correlation with the deadpan. She has used this interplay as a conceptual bridge in her research, connecting the conventions of analogue portraiture with contemporary data-driven approaches. As a result, her works “explore how neutrality operates across the intersecting fields of portraiture, photography and technology.”

The works on display include ten high-quality pigment ink prints on archival paper. There are also three 4K video loops and an “interactive data visualisation”. The latter is a fascinating Web application. It draws on the National Portrait Gallery’s photographic collection. The portraits have been visually and contextually filtered and sorted, then classified and arranged according to pose and expression, particularly the Deadpan. At the exhibition opening, I watched numerous people standing looking at the tiny reproductions of those portraits moving about the projection with information regarding assessed facial expressions, and the video loops, for lengthy periods. The facial expressions I saw on the viewers’ faces revealed nothing to me about what they were thinking!

So, let’s look at some of the exhibits here. Firstly, a 2019 print titled happy (0.96). When you look at the facial expression, do you see a happy face? If not, what sort of facial expression do you see?

Melita Dahl, happy (0.96), 2019, Pigment Ink Print on Archival Paper, 52.4 x 69.9cm

Next, a 2021 print titled Deadpan 9.980549278246. The portrait here is accompanied by some “scores” which provide us with more information than the portrait alone would.

Melita Dahl, Deadpan 9.980549278246, 2021, Pigment Ink Print on Archival Paper, 80x60cm

Here’s a 2026 image from the Perspective Machine series. A fine piece of art.

Melita Dahl, Perspective Machine 02, 2026, Pigment Ink Print on Archival Paper, 60x80cm

And here’s a still from a 2026 video Deadpan/Neutral – A comparative analysis. A triple Deadpan portrait no less.

Melita Dahl, Deadpan|Neutral – A comparative analysis, video still, 2026

All the prints in the exhibition are very high quality and are fine pieces of art as well as providing much information to viewers about the results of Dahl’s research. Those who have not been Doctor of Philosophy students may be challenged by the research concept and outcomes, but that doesn’t matter. Being challenged is a good thing for us all - and what better way to be challenged than by a great exhibition?

If you are unable to visit the exhibition, I encourage you to check out Dahl’s website https://melitadahl.net/. Those of you who can visit the exhibition should check the opening days and hours and be aware that the gallery will be closed to the public during examination times.

This review is also available on the author's blog.